Performance evaluation of interference aware topology power and flow control channel assignment algorithm

Multi-Radio Multi-Channel Wireless Mesh Network (MRMC-WMN) has been considered as one of the key technology for the enhancement of network performance. It is used in a number of real-time applications such as disaster management system, transportation system and health care system. MRMC-WMN is a multi-hop network and allows simultaneous data transfer by using multiple radio interfaces. All the radio interfaces are typically assigned with different channels to reduce the effect of co-channel interference. In MRMC-WMN, when two nodes transmit at the same channel in the range of each other, generates co-channel interference and degrades the network throughput. Co-channel interference badly affects the capacity of each link that reduces the overall network performance. Thus, the important task of channel assignment algorithm is to reduce the co-channel interference and enhance the network performance. In this paper, the problem of channel assignment has been addressed for MRMC-WMN. We have proposed an Interference Aware, Topology, Power and Flow Control (ITPFC) Channel Assignment algorithm for MRMC-WMN. This algorithm assignes the suitable channels to nodes, which provides better link capacity and reduces the co-channel interference. In the previous work performance of the proposed algorithm has been evaluated for a network of 30 nodes. The aim of this paper is to further evaluate the performance of proposed channel assignment algorithm for 40 and 50 nodes network. The results obtained from these networks show the consistent performance in terms of throughput, delay, packet loss and number of channels used per node as compared to LACA, FCPRA and IATC Channel Assignment algorithms

Designing and Analysis of Wideband Antenna for 4G and 5G Applications

297–301A wideband antenna design for 4G and 5G applications has been analyzed and evaluated in this research. The advanced technology equipment’s are getting smaller, which require compact and miniaturized antennas. The antenna designed in this research work is investigated for wideband operations for time division duplex long term evolution bands from band number 33 to 43 and for 5G New Radio n78 band. The design is ruled out for size miniaturization and wide bandwidth so that it can be used in any compact radio device. The antenna design is simulated using CST Microwave Studio and is fabricated on low cost easily available FR-4 substrate. The results are simulated and measured for 4G/5G bands for sufficient radiation characteristics, bandwidth, gain and minimum reflected power

Designing and Analysis of Wideband Antenna for 4G and 5G Applications

A wideband antenna design for 4G and 5G applications has been analyzed and evaluated in this research. The advanced technology equipment’s are getting smaller, which require compact and miniaturized antennas. The antenna designed in this research work is investigated for wideband operations for time division duplex long term evolution bands from band number 33 to 43 and for 5G New Radio n78 band. The design is ruled out for size miniaturization and wide bandwidth so that it can be used in any compact radio device. The antenna design is simulated using CST Microwave Studio and is fabricated on low cost easily available FR-4 substrate. The results are simulated and measured for 4G/5G bands for sufficient radiation characteristics, bandwidth, gain and minimum reflected power

Material properties analysis of graphene base transistor (GBT) for VLSI analog circuits design

896-902Graphene base transistor’s (GBT) analysis has been reviewed in this paper. This study has been focused on work carried out by other authors for GBT physics. Here prominence has been given to material properties and their effects on GBT for VLSI analog circuit design to operate in high frequency range of THz. Various papers in literature have been reported for the implementation of designs with different emitter and collector materials. Materials properties are the controlling parameters to decide cut-off frequency (f­T), trans-conductance, gain and off current (Ioff) in GBT. The implemented results of literatures signify that the electron affinity and work function of emitter and collector are the dominant factors for flow of charges from emitter to collector. Dependency of these two parameters on dielectric constant and thickness of emitter-base insulator (EBI) and base collector insulator (BCI) that are tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5), carbon-doped silicon oxide (SiCOH) and SiO2 has been studied. Effects of collector and BCI thickness have been investigated in detail to scrutinize base leakage current by the virtue of back scattering in collector-BCI interface. Small signal equivalent circuit model for GBT have also been studied by including parasitic capacitance behaviour between graphene Dirac-point potential with respect to graphene fermi level, emitter, EBI, BCI and collector fermi level potential

An Improvised Machine Learning Model Based on Mutual Information Feature Selection Approach for Microbes Classification

The accurate classification of microbes is critical in today’s context for monitoring the ecological balance of a habitat. Hence, in this research work, a novel method to automate the process of identifying microorganisms has been implemented. To extract the bodies of microorganisms accurately, a generalized segmentation mechanism which consists of a combination of convolution filter (Kirsch) and a variance-based pixel clustering algorithm (Otsu) is proposed. With exhaustive corroboration, a set of twenty-five features were identified to map the characteristics and morphology for all kinds of microbes. Multiple techniques for feature selection were tested and it was found that mutual information (MI)-based models gave the best performance. Exhaustive hyperparameter tuning of multilayer layer perceptron (MLP), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), logistic regression (LR), and support vector machine (SVM) was done. It was found that SVM radial required further improvisation to attain a maximum possible level of accuracy. Comparative analysis between SVM and improvised SVM (ISVM) through a 10-fold cross validation method ultimately showed that ISVM resulted in a 2% higher performance in terms of accuracy (98.2%), precision (98.2%), recall (98.1%), and F1 score (98.1%)

Evaluation of salivary calcium and salivary parathyroid levels in postmenopausal women with and without oral dryness

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to estimate and secondary objective is to compare the salivary calcium levels, salivary parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in postmenopausal women with and without oral dryness (OD). Materials and Methods: A case-control study was carried out on 80 selected postmenopausal women. Salivary calcium concentrations were assessed through Semi Autoanalyzer by Arsenazo III reaction. The salivary PTH concentration was measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Severity of OD was assessed by a questionnaire through which the xerostomia inventory (XI) score could be measured. Statistical analysis of Student′s t-test, Mann-Whitney test and Pearson′s correlation was used. Results: There was a significant difference in mean values of both salivary calcium concentration and XI score in postmenopausal women with/without OD (P 0.05) was found in salivary parathyroid levels in postmenopausal women in both groups. A positive correlation was found between the salivary calcium concentration and XI score in both case and control groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Severity of OD in postmenopausal women is associated with the high levels of salivary calcium. However, the correlation of severity of OD with PTH could not be established